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The basics of postpartum depression

A lot of things change after giving birth. As a new parent, you’re dealing with hormone surges and differences in your body, not to mention balancing your old responsibilities with a new little person in your life.

In this time of transition, many new parents deal with depression, although they may struggle to identify it or seek help. Some people feel a sense of shame over not fitting the “perfect” image of parenthood. But acknowledging postpartum depression is not shameful—in fact, reaching out and seeking help is one of the bravest things you can do.

The bottom line is that depression is a disease that impacts the functioning of your body and brain. Just like with a broken bone, waiting for it to improve on its own is often not enough. You deserve support from your doctors and your community, and Welia Health is here to help.

New mom taking a moment to herself

You’re not alone

Postpartum depression—sometimes also called Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorder (PMAD)—is much more common than you might think, affecting one out of five mothers.

While there are some factors that may increase its likelihood—including past depression, lack of social support, family history, difficulty getting pregnant, and pregnancy complications—it can happen to anyone. People with more significant societal stressors, such as being under age 20, low-income, or non-white, are also at higher risk.

Many people think about postpartum depression as something that impacts new mothers shortly after birth. While that is a common situation, it doesn’t represent the whole picture. Depression can develop at any point in the baby’s first year, or even in the months before the baby is born. And postpartum depression doesn’t only impact the birthing parent. Studies have shown that fathers and non-birthing partners can suffer the same condition with many of the same effects.

Dealing with depression is not a character flaw and it doesn’t mean you’re not a good or resilient parent. It’s just another possible complication of having a baby, and prompt and effective treatment can help you and your baby thrive.

Is it “baby blues”?

Most new mothers deal with the so-called “baby blues”—a sense of being overwhelmed reflected in trouble sleeping, anxiety, crying, and mood swings in the first few weeks after birth. While the baby blues are distressing, they typically resolve on their own within two weeks.

Unlike baby blues, postpartum depression doesn’t go away on its own and can prevent new parents from building a normal routine. It can also impact a parent’s relationship with the baby, making it difficult to connect and care for the infant.

Symptoms to watch for that may indicate postpartum depression include:

Feeling sad, anxious, or empty most of the time
Severe mood swings
Exhaustion and lack of energy
Changes in eating patterns
Changes in sleeping patterns
Feeling guilty, hopeless, or worthless
Feeling moody or irritable
Struggling to concentrate or make decisions
Thoughts of hurting yourself or your baby
Anxiety or panic attacks
Withdrawing from family and friends
Thoughts of death or suicide

If you are experiencing these symptoms, it can feel like there’s no way out. But you are not alone in your experience. There are proven, effective treatments for postpartum depression, and together, we can work to help you recover.

Your community is here for you

It is never wrong, embarrassing, or unnecessary to seek help. If you have any concerns about your mental health after pregnancy, we’re here to listen. You can reach Welia Health at 320.225.3625 to schedule an appointment with your provider. Other local resources can be found here: Postpartum Recovery

If it’s an emergency, don’t hesitate to call an emergency support line like the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline at 1.833.TLC.MAMA (1.833.852.6262), the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, or 911. Non-emergency helplines are also available, including the Mother-Baby HopeLine at 612.873.HOPE (612.873.4673) and the Pregnancy & Postpartum Support Minnesota line at 1.800.944.4773.

Your doctor will work with you to figure out a way forward—and you have plenty of options. You may choose to meet with a therapist, either alone or with a support group. Many medications have been proven to work safely and effectively for new and breastfeeding mothers. Your provider can connect you with further resources on postpartum depression.

Help is also available elsewhere in your life. If you’re religious or spiritual, it may be helpful to connect with a faith leader. Many of us struggle to ask for help, but being a good parent means asking for the support you need from your community. Reach out to family and friends and share with them what you’re going through, or delegate daily tasks to relieve some of the pressure. As always, try to focus on the basics: get enough rest, drink enough water, eat a balanced diet, and move your body.

There are plenty of reasons why new parents may struggle to reach out. Some people fear stigma, abandonment, or lack of support—or they simply want to keep their private life private. But postpartum depression often won’t go away without help.

At Welia Health, we’re committed to bringing our skill and experience to meet you where you are. Working together with you, we will come up with a plan of care that’s tailored to your circumstances. Call our office at 320.225.3625 to speak to our team about postpartum depression—and remember, you aren’t in this alone.

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What is self-care, anyway?

At its most basic, self-care is anything we do to take care of ourselves. If this sounds like a broad category, it is—it can include everything from managing symptoms of a health condition, to checking in with your body, to setting up effective habits.

Especially in times of stress, thinking about self-care can feel impossible or burdensome. Life is already hectic enough—now you have to add something else? But, ironically, it’s in these stressful times that self-care can be especially helpful. Research has shown that taking proactive, straightforward steps in managing your lifestyle can reap dividends in terms of function, stability, and happiness down the road.

A few simple guidelines can help make self-care less intimidating. First, your goals should be realistic. From what many of us see online, we may be envisioning an ab- busting workout regimen, a 12-step beauty routine, or a week-long yoga retreat. But while that may sound nice, it’s more likely to set an impossible standard that will leave you discouraged after a few weeks.

There are plenty of barriers to self-care. One of the biggest is time—we’re busy people, and becoming parents only makes us busier. Limited resources can play a role, too. If your family lives far away or you’re working with a small budget, it’s much more difficult to find someone to watch your child so you can get a moment away.

Finally, many people—especially women—find it difficult to set boundaries and accept help. Gender roles play a big part in this: even in 2024, mothers are most often the primary caregiver, and that comes with built-in expectations. It can be hard to voice your need for time to take care of yourself, or accept help when it’s offered. Some people feel the need to self-sacrifice in order to be the best parent they can be. But taking care of yourself is not a luxury—as the saying goes, if you don’t schedule time off, your body will schedule it for you.

Self-care is really about the basics: sleep, mood, nutrition, and daily needs. To realistically take care of these building blocks, it’s best not to try to change a million things at once. Instead, focus on one thing at a time and set a goal that feels achievable—going for a walk around the block once a day, for example, or going to sleep twenty minutes earlier. Ideally, these goals and behaviors should be enjoyable or relaxing. Remember, you’re taking care of yourself, not punishing yourself. So trust your body—and celebrate your victories!

Life—and motherhood—never stops. Self-care can feel like a low priority. But taking care of your physical and mental health sets up a strong foundation for everything else going on in your life.

Baby steps to living life well

The time before becoming pregnant—whether you’re actively trying to conceive or beginning to plan for it—provides the opportunity to set up healthy habits and kick your pregnancy off on a high note. Setting up these habits early-on can help you stick with them in the long term, especially when you’re going through more significant changes with your life and body.

What you put in your body before and during pregnancy has a long-term impact on the health of your baby. Work on eating a balanced diet by getting the nutrients you need and drinking lots of water. Your doctor may also advise you to start taking a folic acid supplement and prenatal vitamins to help your baby grow healthy. Substances including alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs can cause serious health conditions for your baby, so work on quitting before you become pregnant. (Concerns about quitting? Reach out to your doctor at 320.225.3525 for resources and assistance.)

Try to start a habit of moderate exercise, focusing on what’s realistic and feels good for you. And try to get the sleep you need. For many of us, sleeping enough is one of the first things to fall by the wayside when life gets busy. But sleep has far-reaching effects on mood, resilience, and physical health.

Woman practicing self-care by stretching in her living room.

Before pregnancy is also a great time to think about how you manage stress. Managing stress looks different for everyone – this can include stretching, meditating, journaling, conducting a spiritual practice, reading, talking to friends, or something else. This is also a great time to talk to your partner, if you have one, about both of your roles as parents, as well as your mental and physical health and how it will be managed.

From the beginning, you’re not on your journey of becoming a parent alone. While regular check-ups with your doctor will be an important part of pregnancy, checking in with your doctor beforehand can be equally crucial. To take the best possible care of yourself and your baby, talk to your provider about:

Any medications you’re taking
Your existing health conditions
Your mental health
Any family history of mental or physical health conditions
Your lifestyle
Whether you live or work around any harmful chemicals or toxic substances
Getting up to date on your vaccines

Setting up for success during pregnancy

During pregnancy, it’s important to set up healthy, realistic habits that you want to continue after your child is born. Continue to meet regularly with your doctor and follow their instructions, including taking any vitamins and making sure your vaccines are up-to-date.

It’s important to listen to your body and get the rest and nutrition you need. For many pregnant people, eating can be difficult due to nausea and food sensitivities. Sometimes adjusting the size and frequency of meals can help, and your doctor can provide helpful advice as to how to keep eating balanced meals. Some foods, including soft cheeses and raw seafood, should also be avoided during pregnancy.

Postpartum depression is a relatively well-known condition, but what many people might not know is that pregnancy-related mental health issues often begin before the baby is born. Take care of yourself by doing things you enjoy, whether that’s seeing your friends, taking long baths, watching TV, or taking walks. Notice what boosts your mood and helps you feel better and lean on these habits when you need them.

And don’t be afraid to activate your support system, both now and in anticipation of becoming a parent. Talk to your partner, family, and friends about what you think you might need after the baby comes. This can mean everything from someone to chat with you on the phone while you walk the dog, to helping you pick up baby clothes from the store, to dropping off pre-made meals. And don’t worry too much about figuring out every little thing—set up the essentials first, and the rest will come.

Self-care for new parents

After three trimesters, your child has joined you in the world. This can be a wonderful, exciting time—and it’s also often a difficult one. Parents are learning to balance their old lives with their new role of caring for their child, and even for the best-prepared, there’s a steep learning curve.

As always, self-care is all about building from the basics. Eat well and regularly, stay hydrated, get enough sleep, and move your body. This is particularly important as you recover from labor and birth.

You may want to jump back into your regular life right away—but make sure the expectations you’re setting for yourself are realistic. It may feel tempting to plan to go back to work in two weeks, but is that really what you and your body need? Instead, try to take time for yourself, and especially time doing things that are enjoyable for you. This can not only help you relax and recuperate, but also return to your child refreshed and better able to care for their needs.

Some parents struggle with the urge to completely sacrifice themselves to taking care of the baby, neglecting their physical and mental health. It can also be easy to neglect your own self-care by accident. With a baby as the priority, you may not realize that you haven’t eaten lunch or had time to take a shower. But at the end of the day, running yourself down doesn’t help you or your family. Even more so than during your pregnancy, now is the time to ask for help from your partner, your friends, and your family. Set boundaries about the time you need away, and delegate the tasks to others as able.

Finally, don’t put pressure on yourself to be perfect. It would be amazing if we were flawless—but we’re human, and we’re doing our best with what we have.

Every parent is different—and what you need to take care of yourself before, during, and after pregnancy will be too. At the end of the day, self-care is about exactly that: taking care of you. Welia Health is here to make sure you’re not trying to do so alone.

Questions about parenthood? Reach out to the Birth Center team at Welia Health at 320.225.3525, and let’s start the conversation.

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Looking ahead: Your path to parenthood

Congratulations—you’re pregnant! A lot is going to change over the next ten months, but one thing you don’t need to worry about is the schedule of your doctor’s visits.

Here’s our typical timeline of when you’ll be seeing your healthcare provider at Welia Health, and what you can expect at each appointment.

While this is a good guide to our usual process, every parent and every pregnancy is different. Especially if you have a high-risk pregnancy, are getting pregnant later in life, or have other potential complications, this schedule will reflect some changes. Your provider will be able to give you specific recommendations and referrals at every stage to make sure you’re getting the care you need for your specific health needs.

Starting out: Your first trimester

At most of your appointments, your doctor will provide you with prenatal education tailored to the stage of your pregnancy. They’ll conduct a series of tests, including measuring your abdomen to check the baby’s growth and listening to the baby’s heart rate. As you get closer to your due date, they will also check your abdomen to determine the baby’s position.

Most people will have two visits to their obstetrician during the first trimester. At the first visit, which takes place between weeks four and nine, your provider will confirm the positive home pregnancy test. They will discuss prenatal vitamins (and give a prescription if needed) as well as lifestyle factors including diet, healthy habits, and self-care.

Your provider will give you more information on Welia Health’s breastfeeding and prenatal classes, as well as useful resources from local public health and WIC. Finally, the doctor will calculate your estimated due date.

At the second visit, which takes place between weeks 10 and 12, you may have the chance to listen to your baby’s heartbeat. At this stage, our team offers the option of genetic testing to screen for the baby’s sex as well as common genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities. This is entirely up to you as parents—our job is to offer you the information and options that you need to make the best choice for your family. You will also have the chance to sign up for prenatal classes.

Onward and upward: Your second trimester

Your second trimester will most likely include three more doctor’s visits to make sure everything is moving forward normally, as well as lactation counseling, as desired.

Your third visit, during weeks 15 to 16, will consist of a routine check-up. At the fourth visit, during weeks 19 to 20, your doctor will order your ultrasound and then visit about the results. This scan will check for physical development, screen for anything unusual, and confirm the official due date given to you at your first appointment. You’ll also have the option to receive your flu vaccination to protect your health and the health of the baby.

The fifth visit takes place around week 24, or about six months into pregnancy. This is another routine check-up, and may also include a test for gestational diabetes. This condition is relatively uncommon, affecting 6% to 7% of pregnancies, but can cause health problems for your newborn if it’s not addressed.

During weeks 20 to 30, you may also choose to visit Welia Health’s Lactation Counselor. Our dedicated team provides breastfeeding education and helps you plan for after the baby is born.

The final stretch: Your third trimester

The third trimester is when things really get busy. Our usual schedule includes a hefty seven visits, with a check-up every week.

At your sixth visit, which takes place during week 28, you’ll go through a regular check-up and receive your Tdap immunization. The Tdap vaccine protects your baby against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (or whooping cough). The doctor will also discuss your birth plan with you. This document outlines what’s important to you in your delivery and gives your team the information they need to take care of you during birth, this can include parameters around pain medication, to important information about your pregnancy, to whether someone special should cut the umbilical cord.

You will meet with your obstetrics team once a week for a regular check-up for the next six weeks. These routine meetings will help your doctor continue to check that everything is going according to plan and give you the opportunity to address your questions as they arise. On or around your thirteenth visit, which takes place during the fortieth week of your pregnancy, you and your doctor will also prepare for delivery.

A pregnancy plan built for you

We design our care schedule at Welia Health to help you know what to expect out of your pregnancy—and to ensure that our doctors are there with you every step of the way. No two pregnancies are alike, and you and your doctor will work together to build a unique schedule for you, your family, and your baby.

We’re honored to be part of this journey and understand the trust you place in us by coming to Welia Health for your care. If you have questions about your pregnancy journey or want to know more about the services that we offer, explore the Birth Center virtually or simply reach out to our team at 320.225.3525.